The 9 Parts of Speech Definitions and Examples

A part of speech is a term used in traditional grammar for one of the nine main categories  into which words are classified according to their functions in sentences, such as nouns or verbs. Also known as word classes, these are the building blocks of grammar. Key Takeaways: Parts of Speech Word types divide into nine parts of speech, such as nouns, prepositions, adjectives, and adverbs.Some words can be more than one part of speech, depending on context and usage.Interjections can be sentences on their own. Every sentence you write or say in English includes a few words that fall into the nine parts of speech. These include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles/determiners, and interjections. (Some sources include only eight parts of speech but leave off interjections as a category.) Learning the names of the parts of speech probably wont make you witty, healthy, wealthy, or wise. In fact, learning just the  names  of the parts of speech wont even make you a better writer. However, you will gain a basic understanding of sentence structure  and  the  English language. Word Classes The parts of speech are commonly divided into  open classes  (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) and  closed classes  (pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles/determiners, and interjections). Although we can add to the open classes of words as language develops, those in the closed classes are pretty much set in stone.  (See examples below.) Some traditional grammars have treated articles  as a distinct part of speech. Modern grammars more often include articles in the category of determiners, which identify or quantify a noun. Even though they modify nouns like adjectives, they are different in that articles are an essential part of the proper syntax of a sentence, and determiners are necessary to convey the meaning of the sentence.  Adjectives are optional parts of a sentence. In contemporary linguistics, the label  part of speech has generally been discarded in favor of the term word class or syntactic category. Noun Nouns are a person, place, or thing (or even an abstraction, such as an idea). They can take on myriad roles in a sentence, from the subject of it all to the object of an action or any other (literal) thing in between. They are capitalized when theyre an official name of something or someone. For example  pirate, Caribbean, ship, freedom, Captain Jack Sparrow Pronoun Pronouns stand in for nouns in a sentence. Examples:​  I, you, he, she, it, ours, them, who, which, anybody, ourselves Verb Verbs are what happens in a sentence. Theyre either action words or show the state of being (is, was) of the subject of the sentence.   They change form based on tense (present, past) and the subject of the sentence (singular or plural). Examples:   sing, dance, believe, seem, finish, eat, drink, be, become Adjective Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. They specify which one, how much, or what kind. Examples:  hot, lazy, funny, unique, bright, beautiful, poor, smooth Adverb Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or even other adverbs. They specify when something happened, where, how, why, and how much. Examples:  softly, lazily, often, only, hopefully, softly, sometimes Preposition Prepositions  show a relationship between a noun (or a pronoun) and the other words in a sentence. They come at the start of a prepositional phrase. For example:  up, over, against, by, for, into, close to, out of, apart from Conjunction Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. Examples:  and, but, or, so, yet, with Articles and Determiners Articles and determiners function like adjectives by modifying nouns, but they are different than adjectives, in that they are necessary for a sentence to have proper syntax. Examples:  articles:  a, an, the; determiners:  these, that, those; enough, much, few; which, what Interjection Interjections are expressions that can stand on their own as complete sentences. They are words that often carry emotion. Examples:  ah, whoops, ouch,  yabba  dabba  do! How to Determine the Part of Speech Only  interjections  (Hooray!) have a habit of standing alone, though they can also appear alongside complete sentences. The other parts of speech come in many varieties and may appear just about anywhere in a sentence. To know for sure what part of speech a word is, look not only at the word itself but also at its meaning, position, and use in a sentence. For example, in the first example here,  work  functions as a noun; in the second sentence, a verb; and in the third sentence, an adjective: Bosco showed up for  work  two hours late.(The noun  work  is the thing Bosco shows up for.)He will have to  work  until midnight.(The verb  work  is the action he must perform.)His  work  permit expires next month.(The  attributive noun  [or converted adjective]  work  modifies the noun  permit.) Dont let this variety of meanings and uses discourage or confuse you. Learning the names of the basic parts of speech is just one way to understand how sentences are constructed. Dissecting Basic Sentences To form a complete sentence, you really only need two things: a noun (or pronoun standing in for a noun) and a verb. The noun gives us the subject, and the verb tells us the action the subject is taking, the predicate.   Birds fly. In this short sentence,  birds  is the noun and  fly  is the verb. The sentence makes sense and gets the point across. Go! You can have a sentence with just one word as well, but it doesnt break the above rule. This short sentence is still complete because its a command to you; the pronoun, standing in for a noun, is just understood to be there. It is the subject. The sentence is really saying (You) go! Its important to note that no other two-word class combinations can form a complete sentence unless it involves an interjection. You always need a verb to have a sentence. You cannot, for instance, use a pronoun and an adverb alone and have a complete sentence:  She softly.  This is not a sentence because we dont know what shes doing softly. Next, we can add more information to our first sentence by including the other parts of speech. Birds fly when migrating before winter. Birds and fly remain the noun and verb.  When  is an adverb because it modifies the verb fly.   The word before  is a little tricky because it can be either a conjunction, preposition, or adverb depending on the context. In this case, its a preposition because a noun follows it. The preposition begins an adverbial phrase (before winter) that answers the question of time when the birds migrate. It is not a conjunction because it does not connect two clauses.

À Condition Que Takes the French Subjunctive

The phrase à   condition que (provided that)  is one of a long list of what are called French conjunctive phrases, which usually introduce a subordinating clause in a sentence. A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that usually ends in  que  and is often a  subordinating conjunction  linking a subordinating clause to the main clause. Close to half of such conjunctive phrases used  as subordinating conjunctions, including à   condition  que,  require a subjunctive verb to convey their meaning: Je lachà ¨terai à   condition que tu le prennes.Ill buy it provided that you take it. The subjunctive  mood  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. Subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent, or subordinate, clauses introduced by  que  or  qui. Conjunctive Phrases The phrases below with * take a subjunctive verb. Those with ** take the formal, more literary ne explà ©tif, which is a ne  negation without the pas. à   condition que*  Ã‚  provided that afin que*  Ã‚  so that ainsi que  Ã‚  just as, so as alors que  Ã‚  while, whereas à   mesure que  Ã‚  as (progressively) à   moins que**  Ã‚  unless aprà ¨s que  Ã‚  after, when à   supposer que*  Ã‚  assuming that au cas oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in case aussità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon as avant que**  Ã‚  before bien que*  Ã‚  although dans lhypothà ¨se oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in the event that de crainte que**  Ã‚  for fear that de faà §on que*  Ã‚  in such a way that de manià ¨re que*  Ã‚  so that de mà ªme que  Ã‚  just as de peur que**  for fear that depuis que  Ã‚  since de sorte que*  Ã‚  so that, in such a way that dà ¨s que  Ã‚  as soon as en admettant que*  Ã‚  assuming that en attendant que*  Ã‚  while, until encore que*  Ã‚  even though jusquà   ce que*  Ã‚  until parce que  Ã‚  because pendant que  Ã‚  while pour que*  Ã‚  so that pourvu que*  Ã‚  provided that quand bien mà ªme  Ã‚  even though/if quoi que*  Ã‚  whatever, no matter what sans que**  Ã‚  without sità ´t que  Ã‚  as soon as supposà © que*  Ã‚  supposing tandis que  Ã‚  while, whereas tant que  Ã‚  Ã‚  as long as vu que  Ã‚  seeing as/that Additional Resources The Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?Expressions with à  

Case Study A Bus Company My Bus Trip - 1682 Words

Assignment 1 Camila Carreà ±o Strayer University ACC 557 Pofessor: Dr.Ola Ajimoko Due: Week # 7 The company I want to create is a bus company â€Å"My Bus Trip† and will provide local and inter-city transportation services for communities throughout the US including major cities such as Miami, Orlando, Atlanta, operating scheduled bus routes, motor-coach tours, charters, and/or city sightseeing tours. Safety will be our absolute top priority. We want to invest in new state-of-the-art motor coaches, which include seat belts for all passengers, automatic traction control, electronic stability control, lane-changing warning devices for buses, and GPS systems. Also, we want our team of experts to be able to monitor safety†¦show more content†¦One of the most operational ways to rise up quickly during peak seasons of activity is to hire temporary or contract employees. Stablishing a good relationship with an excellence staffing agency can help me get the workers I need when those spikes in activity occur. Another benefit of using seasonal workers is that those tempor aries can be an outstanding source of full-time workers when the need arises. Some benefits of this particular business will be for example our quick to use quote system to ensure clienteles will receive competitive estimates to their requirements at the snap of a few clicks. Bus Charters can include, but are not limited to, family reunions, school trips, club outings, sightseeing tours, sporting events, business excursions, church gatherings, wedding shuttles or any other exciting opportunity to travel together with a group. Using the latest technology software platform for Transport Companies to grow ridership and run a more efficient business, every stop on every trip will be supervised and scored using the engine that generate predicted arrival time for any location or service. 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Doctor Assisted Suicide Essay Example For Students

Doctor Assisted Suicide Essay Personally, I do not believe in assisted suicide. I believe that its immoral but in some cases, assisted suicide may be an alternative to eternal suffering. The pro side of this debate feels that assisted suicide is perfectly okay and is and should always be a choice for any patient with an eternal illness. In a recent study, 2/3 of Americans approve of assisted suicide. When one has less than six months to live, has requested to have assisted suicide three or more times, and has family or friends present they can then apply for assisted suicide. Nevertheless, the assisted suicide is only legal in Oregon and the Netherlands. The law in Oregon that allows this is known more commonly as the Death With Dignity Act. Most of the patients that apply have an uncontrollable amount of pain and would rather not put any more of a damper on their family. Many feel that when the pain is so unbearable, one cant control their own bodily functions, addicted to meds, and spending all of the familys retirement or college funds, they feel its time for them to move on. Furthermore, 85% of cancer patients polled said they were in pain 100% of the time. In co nclusion, assisted suicide relieves the patient of their immense pain and misery and the families of their suffering and financial strain. On the opposing side are those who feel that assisted suicide is a violation of all religious beliefs and a devalue to life. This type of death goes against what all doctors have been trained to do, to save lives, not to help end them. If assisted suicide becomes legal in more states there will be pressure on the elderly and those who are just seriously ill and the disabled to end their lives along with the terminally ill. By a study completed by ABC in March of 2002, 40% of those polled supported assisted suicide and 48% opposed it. Once this type of murder becomes legalized in more states or countries, what will the limit be? How far will it be stretched? The issue of assisted suicide becomes more and more prevalent in homes today and it puts too much power into the hands of the families and doctors involved. Assisted suicide is causing an innumerable amount of unnecessary lives to be lost. Assisted suicide in my opinion after the debate is still the same. I believe its wrong but t here are always exceptions to any rule. There are some cases in which patients are in so much pain that they are better off to die then to keep on living and suffering. As long as assisted suicide is going on, it will be abused and illegally used. But as long as there are suffering patients, some will be relieved of their terminal illness once and for all. Bibliography: